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TLDR sunlight hits the carbon-dioxide in the atmosphere and splits it into carbon-monoxide and oxygen then on the night side it recombines.
For those disappointed that this excellent answer doesn’t confirm the Proto Molecule, another recent discovery by the James Webb telescope on Jupiter’s moon, Europa, is that there is amorphous CO2 ice concentrated along “chaos terrain” on the surface, possibly oozing up from the subsurface ocean.
Generally this form of CO2 is not long-lived, so it’s either being replenished by some chemical process in the ocean or…
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…aliens